Home Electrical Wiring

家用电线似乎很神秘，但没有恐惧：此有用的指南将帮助您了解接线的工作原理以及如何使用电线。

“Electrical wire” is a catchall term that refers to conductors that route electricity from a power source to lights, appliances, and other electrical devices.

各种尺寸的电线和电缆将电力带到房屋中，并将其路由到所有灯，开关，插座和电器。一般而言，大电缆向房屋运送电力，较小的电缆和电线将其分配到整个过程中。

Nearly all household wire is copper, though aluminum is occasionally used. A rubber, plastic, or paper-like coating, called insulation, serves as a barrier to keep the electrical charge (and heat) where it belongs—in the wire (this insulation is stripped from the ends of the wires where connections are made). Bare (non-insulated) conductors are used for grounding.

电线如何工作

电线是通常用于参考所有类型的电缆和电线的综合术语。从技术上讲，单个电线称为单个导体。几个单个导体一起扭曲或在护套中混合在一起制成电缆。

就像高速公路可以处理更多的汽车一样，大型导体可以处理比小街道更多的电力。金属导体的直径由AWG（美国电线量表）数字表示；数量越小，电线越大。大多数家用照明和插座电路都配有AWG 14或AWG 12导体。

在addition to standard electrical wire, a house has several other types of wire needed for the telephone, cable television, stereo speakers, and so on. Most of these wires do not carry a dangerous electrical current because they operate on very low voltage or carry only sound or picture signals, not electrical power.

在本土的这一部分，您将了解更多有关Types of Electrical Wiring和Types of Wires & Cables。

电线维修和护理

电路可能会引起任何数量的问题，并且由于可能存在潜在的火灾危险，因此立即诊断和修复问题很重要。在Electrical Wiring Repairs，我们将带您浏览最常见的问题列表，并将您推荐给其他文章，以帮助您缩小可能性。最常见的问题之一是电线和插头，经过多年的使用可能会恶化。我们向您展示如何替换它们。

DIY Electrical Wiring Projects

这部分电线专门用于您自己可以完成的许多家庭接线项目。首先，我们引导您完成一些基本技术，例如如何切割和脱衣电线和如何切割和撕裂电缆。然后，我们引导您完成诸如如何扩展电路和How to Mount a New Electrical Box。As with all do-it-yourself tasks involving electricity, make sure the power to the circuit from the main panel is turned off before attempting any repairs or installations.

通用电气工具

If you have the skills and interest in doing your own electrical repairs, here are the tools you’ll need for most any job:

Non-Contact Voltage Tester

非接触电压测试仪允许您确定电线或电气设备是电动带电的，而无需打开或断开电线。所显示的类型旨在检测电缆，绳索，照明灯具，开关，出口，断路器和电线中的标准电压。它还将在低压设备（例如安全，通信，娱乐和花园灌溉系统）中检测到电荷。在亚马逊上浏览电压测试仪。

电源出口测试仪

Simple and inexpensive, an electrical outlet tester just plugs into a conventional outlet to tell you whether the circuit is “hot” (charged) and properly grounded.

Continuity Tester

A small, battery-operated continuity tester costs less than $10. It can be used to determine whether wiring is broken or electrical circuits are complete. You can buy a亚马逊上的连续性测试仪。

Lineman’s Pliers

一对巡线员的钳子是切割重线或电缆和扭曲的电线端的最佳工具。要将两条电线扭转在一起，用一只手将它们并排固定，将它们的剥离端对准，并将钳子的钝端指向与它们一致的钝端，向下夹紧并沿顺时针方向扭曲。

Long-Nose Pliers

长鼻钳非常适合在电线末端弯曲小环或切断电线（大多数包括割线截面）。使用钳子的尖端在电线的末端形成平滑的3/4圆圈，旨在绕螺钉端子圆圈（始终将电线钩在端子上，并从弯曲的末端从电线中顺时针旋转）。

万用表

您需要有一个万用表，以进行各种连续性检查，检查电压和其他类似的任务。阅读制造商的说明，以彻底了解技术。从欧姆米，伏特仪和相关工具的工作的多项式在消费电子商店以低于20美元的价格出售。你可以在这里购买万用表。

电动螺丝刀

您需要用隔热橡胶握把的各种电工螺丝刀。一定要获得扁平的和Phillips头的驾驶员。

Wire Stripper

Most electrical wires run inside a sheath of insulation—a plastic, rubber, or paper coating that prevents bare conductors from shorting against each other or shocking you. When splicing wires or connecting them to devices, you must remove the insulation, a relatively simple job when you have an inexpensive wire stripper. The stripper should be set so that it cuts the insulation but doesn’t nick the wire (use the slot that matches the wire conductor’s size).